💓 Heart Rate:
72 BPM
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CHAMBERS:
Electrophysiology
SA ➔ AV ➔ Purkinje
Cardiac Conduction Axis & 12-Lead ECG
Lead II (Rhythm Strip): Normal Sinus
PR: 160ms • QRS: 80ms • QTc: 410ms
P Wave (Atrial Depol)
PR Interval (AV Delay)
QRS (Ventricular Depol)
ST Segment (Isoelectric)
T Wave (Repol)
1. SA Node
Primary intrinsic pacemaker firing at 60–100 BPM.
2. AV Node Delay
~120ms pause allowing complete ventricular filling.
3. Bundle of His
Transmits impulses down interventricular septum.
4. Purkinje Fibers
Rapid 4 m/s propagation for synchronized contraction.
Hemodynamic Gold Standard
Cardiac Cycle
The Wiggers Diagram & Valve Mechanics
Ventricular Pressures & Volumes
- • End-Diastolic Volume (EDV): 120 mL
- • End-Systolic Volume (ESV): 50 mL
- • Stroke Volume (SV): 70 mL
- • Ejection Fraction (EF): 58% (Normal)
- • Peak LV Systolic Pressure: 120 mmHg
Heart Sounds (Phonocardiogram)
- S1 ("Lub"): Closure of Mitral and Tricuspid valves at the start of isovolumetric contraction.
- S2 ("Dub"): Closure of Aortic and Pulmonic semilunar valves at start of isovolumetric relaxation.
- S3 / S4: Rapid ventricular filling / Atrial kick in compliance pathology.
Frank-Starling Preload Stretch:
Optimal Stroke Volume (70 mL)
Clinical Pathology
Emergency ACLS
Arrhythmia & Acute Coronary Occlusion Lab
1. Normal Sinus Rhythm
💚Regular P-waves, 1:1 AV conduction, normal axis, 72 BPM.
2. Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)
⚡Irregularly irregular R-R intervals, absent discrete P-waves, stroke risk.
3. Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)
🚨Wide QRS complexes > 120ms, rate > 150 BPM, shockable emergency.
4. Acute Anterior STEMI (LAD)
🩸Tombstone ST-elevation across V1–V4 from acute LAD occlusion ("Widowmaker").
Biometrics & Sanctuary
Aura Vagal Tone & HRV Resonance Tuner
RMSSD (Vagal Tone)
68 ms
High Parasympathetic Resilience
Autonomic Coherence
96% Coherent
Heart-Brain Harmonic Alignment
Baroreflex Frequency
0.10 Hz
6 Breaths / Minute Sanctuary
Inhale slowly (5s)...
Interactive Cardiology Assessment
The Cardio-Master Challenge
Score: 0 / 5