Orbit: Drag • Zoom: Scroll • Select: Click Bone
BONES:
Articular Mechanics
Kinematic Pairs
The 6 Synovial Joint Classes & Degrees of Freedom
Bone Remodeling
Piezoelectric Stress
Wolff's Law & DEXA Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Wolff's Mechanical Remodeling
"Bone grows and remodels in response to the physical mechanical forces placed upon it." Compressive strain induces negative piezoelectric charges, recruiting Osteoblasts to lay down hydroxyapatite crystal along lines of maximal stress.
Osteoblasts: Bone Formation
Osteoclasts: Resorption
DEXA T-Score Diagnostic Simulator
Simulated T-Score:
+0.8 SD (Normal Peak)
✅ Normal Bone Density: Fracture Risk Low.
Trauma & Repair
Orthopedic Surgery
Fracture Morphology & 4-Stage Healing Cascade
1. Hematoma (0-48h)
Ruptured periosteal vessels create fibrin scaffold and release PDGF/VEGF.
2. Soft Callus (2-3w)
Chondroblasts form unmineralized fibrocartilaginous bridging splint.
3. Hard Callus (4-12w)
Endochondral ossification converts soft cartilage into rigid woven bone.
4. Remodeling (1-2y)
Osteoclasts carve compact lamellar bone along lines of weight-bearing.
Kinematics In Motion
Liora Biomechanical Gait Cycle & Goniometry
Stance Phase (60% of Cycle)
- • 1. Initial Contact (Heel Strike)
- • 2. Loading Response (Foot Flat)
- • 3. Midstance (Single limb support)
- • 4. Terminal Stance (Heel Off)
- • 5. Preswing (Toe Off)
Swing Phase (40% of Cycle)
- • 1. Initial Swing (Acceleration)
- • 2. Mid-Swing (Limb clearance via Tibialis Anterior)
- • 3. Terminal Swing (Deceleration via Hamstrings)
Current Phase: Initial Contact (Heel Strike) • Knee Flexion: 5° • Ankle Dorsiflexion: 0°
Interactive Orthopedic Assessment
The Osteo-Master Challenge
Score: 0 / 5